The Communications Security Establishment (CSE) has released its 2025 update on cyber threats to Canada’s democratic process, highlighting the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) by hostile actors to interfere with elections and democratic institutions.
Key Findings:
- Rise in AI-Enabled Interference: Between 2023 and 2024, over 100 reported cases involved generative AI being used to influence 41 elections globally. These cases included the creation and dissemination of disinformation and harassment of political figures.
- Primary Threat Actors: Russia and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) are identified as the most active state-sponsored actors leveraging AI to spread disinformation and sow discord within democratic societies.
- Use of Deepfakes: There has been an increase in the use of AI-generated deepfake content, including pornography targeting female politicians, aiming to deter their participation in democratic processes.
- Data Collection and Profiling: Nation-states, particularly the PRC, are conducting extensive data collection campaigns to build detailed profiles of politicians and citizens, enhancing their capabilities for targeted influence and espionage campaigns.
- Social Engineering and Malware: Threat actors are employing AI to craft more persuasive social engineering attacks and to improve the stealth and efficacy of malware targeting voters, politicians, and electoral institutions.
Implications for Canada:
While the report assesses that it is very unlikely (10–30% chance) that AI-enabled cyber activities will fundamentally undermine the integrity of Canada’s next federal election, the evolving threat landscape necessitates vigilance. The CSE and its Canadian Centre for Cyber Security continue to work closely with Elections Canada and political parties to enhance cybersecurity measures and public awareness.
For more detailed information Cyber Threats to Canada’s Democratic Process: 2025 Update
