The RCMP defines cybercrime as any crime where a cyber element (that is, the internet and information technologies such as computers, tablets or smart phones) has a substantial role in the commission of a criminal offence.
Under this broad lens, the RCMP breaks cybercrime into two categories:
- Technology-as-target
- Technology-as-instrument
Technology-as-target
In this category, the crime is directly committed using computers, networks, and digital devices. Common charges include unauthorized use of a computer and mischief of data. Examples include using malware to illegally access computer systems, hacking to steal sensitive data, and denial-of-service attacks to disrupt online services.
Technology-as-instrument
Here, the internet and information technologies serve as instrumental tools in committing the crime. Common charges include extortion, fraud, and identity theft. Examples include online scams and fraud, such as phishing and identity theft, as well as illicit activities on online marketplaces and intellectual property infringements.
